Name: TRAMADOL 200MG X 20 TABLETS TRAMAL - Gulani Bowa Wamatsenga Pa intaneti |MushroomiFi
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GULANI TRAMADOL 200MG X 20 TABLETS TRAMAL PA INTANETI | Ndemanga Zogulitsa | MUSHROOMIFI.

Gawo lomwe likupitilirali likuperekedwa ku zovuta zachipatala pakati pa zamisala ndi chisamaliro choyambirira - magawo awiri omwe ali olumikizidwa mosalephera. Gulani Tramadol 200mg pa intaneti ku Australia

Tramadol (Ultram^®) ndi mankhwala oletsa kupwetekedwa mtima omwe nthawi zambiri amalembedwa chifukwa cha chiwopsezo chocheperako komanso mbiri yabwino yachitetezo poyerekeza ndi ma opiates ena. Komabe, zovuta ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimadziwika kuti zitha kuchitika ndi tramadol - khunyu ndi serotonin syndrome. Zotsatira zoyipa ziwirizi zimatha kuchitika panthawi ya tramadol monotherapy, koma zimawonekera nthawi zambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito molakwika / kumwa mopitirira muyeso komanso mukamagwiritsa ntchito limodzi mankhwala ena, makamaka antidepressants. Munkhaniyi, tikuwunikanso zambiri zokhudzana ndi tramadol, khunyu, ndi serotonin syndrome. Njira iyi ya pharmacologic ndiyofunika kwambiri kwa asing'anga onse komanso asing'anga oyambira. Gulani Tramadol 200mg pa intaneti ku Australia

Keywords: tramadol, analgesic, opiate, khunyu, serotonin syndrome, antidepressant, polypharmacy, psychiatrist-dokotala mawonekedwe

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Introduction

Malinga ndi Miller et al,¹ kupweteka kosalekeza kumakhudza odwala ambiri aku US ndipo kumabweretsa mabiliyoni a madola pazachuma zapachaka. Ku Australia, mtengo wosamalira ululu wosatha ukuyembekezeka kukhala $ 34 biliyoni pachaka.² Kutengera njira zina zopangira mankhwala osokoneza bongo, tramadol (Ultram^®) ndi chipolopolo chapadera chamankhwala polimbana ndi ululu wosatha. Kuti atsimikizire kutchuka kwake, mankhwala a tramadol ku Canada adafika pafupifupi 26 miliyoni mu 2006, zomwe zikuyimira malonda onse a $800 miliyoni.³ M'kope lino la The Interface, tikambirana zochitika ziwiri zomwe zingakhale zovuta zokhudzana ndi analgesic yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchulidwa - khunyu ndi serotonin syndrome. Gulani Tramadol 200mg pa intaneti ku Australia

Pitani ku:

Kufotokozera kwa Tramadol

Tramadol ndi mankhwala a analgesic omwe ndi analogue ya codeine. Poyerekeza ndi opiates ena, tramadol imadziwika kuti ili ndi mphamvu zochepa zochitira nkhanza komanso kupuma pang'ono maganizo.⁴ Pankhani ya zotsatira zapadera za neurotransmitter, pakatikati, tramadol ndi mu-opioid receptor agonist. Kugwirizana kwa tramadol kwa mu-opioid zolandilira (analgesic effect) ndizochepera 10 kuposa codeine. Komabe, metabolite yogwira ya tramadol, o-desmethyltramadol, imakhala ndi chiyanjano chachikulu (mpaka 200-fold) kuposa pawiri ya makolo. Kuphatikiza pa zotsatira zake zapakati pa ma receptors, pamlingo wa zotumphukira, tramadol imalepheretsa kubwereza kwa serotonin ndi norepinephrine. Zotsatira zomalizazi zitha kukhala zofunikira kwambiri pakuchepetsa ululu, koma zitha kuwerengeranso zina mwazoyipa za mankhwalawa. Gulani Tramadol 200mg pa intaneti ku Australia

Malinga ndi Reeves ndi Cox,⁵ tramadol ali ndi mikhalidwe yambiri yofanana ndi venlafaxine, kuphatikiza kufanana kwamapangidwe ndi serotonergic/noradrenergic reuptake inhibition. Mogwirizana ndi izi, Yalcin et al⁶ fotokozani tramadol kukhala ndi antidepressant ngati zotsatira. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito chromatography yamadzimadzi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa tramadol mumkodzo, venlafaxine ikhoza kuyambitsa zotsatira zabodza.⁷

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Kuyanjana kwa Mankhwala

Tramadol imawerengera kuchuluka kwa kuyanjana kwa mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, mu kafukufuku wankhondo wakale waku Australia, Roughhead et al⁸ adawunika kusagwirizana kwamankhwala kwa anthu 46,859 omwe amatenga antidepressants. Mwa 8.1 peresenti omwe adakumana ndi izi, tramadol ndiye mankhwala omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri (3.6%). Gulani Tramadol 200mg pa intaneti ku Australia

Pazochita zosiyanasiyanazi, tramadol imatha kuyambitsa zochitika ziwiri zazikulu - khunyu ndi serotonin syndrome. Izi zitha kuchitika munthawi ya tramadol monotherapy kaya mwachizolowezi kapena mopitilira muyeso, koma zimatheka makamaka mukamagwiritsa ntchito tramadol ndi antidepressants (Matebulo). (Table 11 ndi and22).^4,9 (Kuphatikiza ndi antidepressants, tramadol ingagwirizane ndi mankhwala ena ambiri a psychotropic kuphatikizapo antipsychotics ndi anticonvulsants.) Gulani Tramadol 200mg pa intaneti ku Australia.