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THENGA I-TRAMADOL 200MG X 20 AMATHETHA WE-TRAMAL KU-inthanethi | Abstract Iyathengiswa | I-MUSHROOMIFI.

Le kholomu eqhubekayo inikezelwe ekuxhumaneni komtholampilo okuyinselele phakathi kodokotela bengqondo nokunakekelwa okuyinhloko—izinkambu ezimbili ezixhumene ngokungenakuvinjelwa. Thenga iTramadol 200mg ku-inthanethi e-Australia

I-Tramadol (Ultram^®) i-analgesic evame ukushiwo ngenxa yengozi yayo ephansi yokulutheka kanye nephrofayili yokuphepha engcono uma iqhathaniswa namanye ama-opiate. Kodwa-ke, ukusabela okubi okubili okuphawulekayo kwaziwa ukuthi kungenzeka nge-tramadol-isifo sokuwa kanye nesifo se-serotonin. Lokhu kusabela okubi okubili kungase kuthuthuke ngesikhathi se-tramadol i-monotherapy, kodwa kubonakala kunethuba elikhulu kakhulu lokuvela ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa kabi/ukweqisa umthamo kanye nokuphatha kanyekanye ezinye izidakamizwa, ikakhulukazi ama-antidepressants. Kulesi sihloko, sibuyekeza idatha ehlobene ne-tramadol, ukuquleka, kanye nesifo se-serotonin. Lesi siphambano se-pharmacologic sisebenza ngokusobala kubo bobabili odokotela bengqondo kanye nodokotela bokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo. Thenga iTramadol 200mg ku-inthanethi e-Australia

Amagama angukhiye: tramadol, analgesic, opiate, seizure, serotonin syndrome, antidepressant, polypharmacy, Psychiatrist-dokotela interface

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Isingeniso

NgokukaMiller et al,¹ ubuhlungu obungapheli buthinta inani elikhulu leziguli zase-US futhi kubangele izigidigidi zamaRandi ezindlekweni zonyaka zokunakekelwa kwezempilo. E-Australia, izindleko zokuphatha ubuhlungu obungapheli zilinganiselwa ku-$ 34 billion ngonyaka.² Uma kunikezwe ezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-narcotic, i-tramadol (Ultram^®) iyinhlamvu eyingqayizivele yemithi ekulweni nobuhlungu obungapheli. Ukufakazela ukuthandwa kwayo, imiyalelo ye-tramadol eCanada yafinyelela cishe ezigidini ezingu-26 ngo-2006, imele ukuthengiswa okuphelele kwezigidi ezingu-800 zamaRandi.³ Kulolu shicilelo lwe-The Interface, sidingida izehlakalo ezimbili ezingezinhle ezingaba khona ezihlobene nalesi sifo esivame ukushiwo yi-analgesic-seizures kanye nesifo se-serotonin. Thenga iTramadol 200mg ku-inthanethi e-Australia

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Incazelo ye-Tramadol

I-Tramadol iyisidakamizwa esidambisa ubuhlungu esiyi-analogue yokwenziwa ye-codeine. Uma iqhathaniswa namanye ama-opiates, i-tramadol yaziwa ngokuba namandla amancane okuhlukumeza kanye nokuphefumula okuncane ukucindezeleka.⁴ Ngokuphathelene nemiphumela ethile ye-neurotransmitter, ezingeni eliphakathi, i-tramadol iyi-agonist ye-mu-opioid receptor. Ukuhlobana kwe-tramadol kuma-mu-opioid receptors (umphumela we-analgesic) kungaphansi ngokuphindwe ka-10 kune-codeine. Kodwa-ke, i-metabolite esebenzayo ye-tramadol, i-o-desmethyltramadol, inokuhlobana okukhulu kakhulu (kufika ku-200-fold) kunenhlanganisela yomzali. Ngaphezu kwemiphumela yayo emaphakathi kuma-receptors e-mu, ezingeni le-peripheral, i-tramadol ivimbela i-serotonin ne-norepinephrine reuptake. Le miphumela yakamuva kungenzeka ibe yinto ebalulekile ku-analgesia, kodwa ingase futhi ibangele ezinye zezindawo ezimbi zomuthi. Thenga iTramadol 200mg ku-inthanethi e-Australia

Ngokusho kukaReeves noCox,⁵ tramadol inezici eziningi ezifana ne-venlafaxine, okuhlanganisa ukufana kwesakhiwo kanye ne-serotonergic/noradrenergic reuptake inhibition. Ngokuhambisana nalo mbono, u-Yalcin et al⁶ chaza i-tramadol njengenemiphumela efana ne-antidepressant. Akumangazi ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-chromatography ewuketshezi ukuthola amazinga e-tramadol emchamweni, i-venlafaxine ingase ibangele imiphumela engelona iqiniso.⁷

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Ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa

I-Tramadol ibala inani elikhulu lokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa. Isibonelo, ocwaningweni lomakadebona base-Australia, uRoughhead et al⁸ ihlole ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa okubi kubahlanganyeli abangu-46,859 abathatha ama-antidepressants. Kumaphesenti angu-8.1 abahlangabezane nalokhu kusebenzisana, i-tramadol kwakuyisidakamizwa esivame ukuthinteka (3.6%). Thenga iTramadol 200mg ku-inthanethi e-Australia

Kulokhu kusebenzisana okuhlukahlukene, i-tramadol inamandla okuqalisa izenzakalo ezimbili ezimangalisayo-ukuthunjwa kanye nesifo se-serotonin. Lokhu kungase kuthuthuke ngesikhathi se-tramadol monotherapy noma ngemithamo evamile noma eyeqile, kodwa kungenzeka ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuphathwa kwe-tramadol nama-antidepressants (Amathebula). A(Amathebula11 futhi Aand22).^4,9 (Ngaphezu kwamaphilisi okucindezeleka, i-tramadol ingase ihlanganyele nenani lezinye izidakamizwa ze-psychotropic ezihlanganisa ama-antipsychotic nama-anticonvulsants.) Thenga i-Tramadol 200mg ku-inthanethi e-Australia.